What are the main pros and cons of special needs schools?
Some benefits and concerns with special needs schools
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Quick summary
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Students with special needs require support in the classroom. This can be delivered in a dedicated special needs school or class, an integrated class, a withdrawal class, or a regular class with resource support or indirect support.
Depending on the type of school or program, a special education can have many potential benefits. While this isn’t an exhaustive list, below are some of the main ones.
This is not to say special needs schools and programs are without their detractors. Some have raised criticisms against them. Below, we outline the main sources of concern with some kinds of special needs programs.
Special needs questions (read our in-depth answers) |
Many kids thrive in the right special needs program. Yet, as we’ve seen, while these programs can be effective, they also have potential drawbacks. Much, of course, will depend on the kind of special needs program.
Below, we list the main pros and cons of each kind of special needs program.
Dedicated special needs school |
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Dedicated special needs class |
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Integrated special needs class |
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Withdrawal special needs class |
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Regular class with resource support |
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Regular class with indirect support |
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The truth is, there’s no perfect choice for your child. The right option depends on many factors, including your child’s special needs, learning challenges, personality, strengths and weaknesses, and more.
Below, we outline which children may be suitable for which options. Keep in mind, though, there’s a lot more to this decision than just the points below. Also, note that your child might display signs from several of these columns.
Dedicated special needs schools may be suitable for children who: |
Dedicated special needs classes may be suitable for children who: |
Integrated special needs classes may be suitable for children who: |
Withdrawal special needs classes may be suitable for children who: |
Regular classes with resource support may be suitable for children who: |
Regular classes with indirect support may be suitable for children who: |
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Benefits
Targeted clientele
Ann Wolff, educational consultant at Wolff Education Services, in Toronto, Ontario
“The main benefit of special needs schools is that they have a targeted clientele. Their admissions criteria are specific to the students that their particular school is best able to service. They know their students and are best prepared to meet their individual needs. This might mean specifically trained personnel, a specific physical environment, and/or a particular curriculum. For example, is there a gym on-site? Does the space accommodate wheelchairs, walkers, etc.? Is there staff with expertise in assistive technology? Are there facilities for physical therapy?”
Specialized programming
Dona Matthews, educational specialist, and co-author (with Joanne Foster) of Beyond Intelligence, Secrets for Raising Happily Productive Kids
“Some children have special learning needs that make it difficult to accommodate them without a special program or school. This can be because of the degree of the child’s exceptionality, or the complexity of interacting exceptionalities. A child who is hearing impaired, for example, might be best served in a regular program with accommodations, whereas a child whose hearing loss is more profound, or who has other complicating conditions, might require a special program or school.”
Individualized support
Simon Williams, co-executive director of Foothills Academy, a learning disabilities school in Calgary, Alberta
“Special needs school programs address every child’s need. They focus on the individualized requirements of each student’s learning, and can tailor instruction to match the learning needs of each child. By doing so, each child in the school is afforded the opportunity to engage and learn successfully, thereby realizing their true potential. Where many public schools may try to reach every student, the apparent lack of resources in many schools makes this an impossible task.
The biggest advantage of a special needs school is having a staff with specialized knowledge and training to work with the population of students who attend. And, for the students, it is having a group of peers around them who understand them because they are all dealing with similar issues.”
Small classes
Kelley Caston, principal of Wildwood Academy, a special needs school in Oakville, Ontario
“There are many pros to attending a school that specializes in special education. Small classes and a low teacher-to-student ratio are major benefits. Small classes allow the student to receive the individual attention they need. Teachers have the opportunity to really get to know their students and incorporate their individual strengths, needs, and interests into the lessons. This provides the teacher with a complete picture of the student’s understanding and allows teachers to quickly identify any gaps in student knowledge.”
Personalized approach
Jenna Rowney-Giroux, vice principal of Heritage Academy of Learning Excellence, a special needs school in Ottawa, Ontario, specializing in dyslexia and ADHD
“At a special needs school, you can expect a more personable approach to learning in which your child is given options to aid in their path to success. Special needs schools provide a nurturing environment that often comes with smaller student numbers, and thus differentiation and individual attention is feasible. The school will work more closely with the support team of each individual to ensure consistency and transparency. With smaller numbers, a teacher is able to engage more with each student on a regular basis to check in on their understanding, frustration levels, any social issues, etc. It is much easier for a teacher in a special needs school to build a rapport with their students, so that they can begin to identify and understand each day what a student may require.”
Specialized staff
Jeff Clayton, communications director at WillowWood School, a school with strong special needs support, in Toronto, Ontario
“The main benefit of special needs schools and programs is the individualized and personal education. Small class sizes and specialized staff allow for addressing individual needs, strategizing to capitalize on academic and other strengths, and teaching self-advocacy skills.”
Concerns
Social growth
Ann Wolff, educational consultant at Wolff Educational Services, in Toronto, Ontario
“The main disadvantage of special needs schools is exposure to only one type of population. Are there appropriate role models? Do the students have opportunities to interact with peers who are different than they are?
Social development should be an essential component to any school program and every student should have goals specifically created for him or her. This means the staff must have a very clear picture of where each student is functioning socially and set realistic goals based on that. All students should be exposed to appropriate role models and have opportunities to interact with peers. Developing friendships is essential for all, although these relationships might ‘look’ different based on the needs of each student.”
Labels
Dona Matthews, educational specialist, and co-author (with Joanne Foster) of Beyond Intelligence, Secrets for Raising Happily Productive Kids
“One good reason to avoid labeling a child or enrolling them in a special needs program or school is to avoid pathologizing or highlighting some aspect of the child’s development, or making them feel socially strange. Even children who are labelled as ‘gifted,’ an ostensibly positive label, can worry about being different than others. As much as possible, children’s special learning needs are best accommodated with as little fuss and segregation as possible.”
School transitions
Simon Williams, co-executive director of Foothills Academy, a learning disabilities school in Calgary, Alberta
“Some parents may think that special educational settings can hinder their child’s future progress when wanting to transition schools or transition into post-secondary education. However, schools can ensure that the wide range of supports and strategies provided to individuals with special needs are supports that simply enable them to access the curriculum differently, and fairly, so that they have the opportunity to learn and be successful, just like a ‘typical’ student in the regular system. Students can be explicitly taught skills to help them self-advocate, so they can transition into other schools or to life after school.”
School transitions
Kelley Caston, principal of Wildwood Academy, a special needs school in Oakville, Ontario
“One of the main concerns that parents have is how students will fair transitioning from a special needs school to a ‘regular school.’ In our experience, the majority of students do very well with this change. In order to help with the transition process, the administration and teachers must make themselves available to answer any questions that future schools may have. This often involves a face-to-face meeting with special education resource teachers and families prior to the change. But it may involve ongoing support, if the school requires it.”
Stigmas
Jeff Clayton, communications director at WillowWood School, a school with strong special needs support, in Toronto, Ontario
“Concerns among parents about special needs schools and programs include social stigmas around learning styles, loss of neighbourhood-school atmosphere, and options for their students’ lives after school ends. The benefits outweigh those concerns for most. The social stigma is socially constructed, the commute and loss of ‘neighbourhood’ are a cost that seems worth the benefits for most families, and a neighbourhood feeling can be built into a school’s programs and atmosphere.”
Missing out
Ian Peterson, business development director of Heritage School, a special needs school in Provo, Utah
“Some parents feel bad or worry that their child is missing out on traditional high school or middle school experiences, such as dances (e.g., prom and homecoming), walking with their graduating class, or team sports and/or clubs.”
Read our advice guide on choosing a school for a child with special needs and for kids with other traits. To get school-choice advice customized to your child's unique traits, create a child profile through your user account. |
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"Chisholm Academy are specialists in developing programs for students with exceptionalities. Classes of 8-10 students, an experienced multi-disciplinary staff really make a difference!
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Belleville, Ontario "We are a therapeutic boarding school for Gr. 3-12 students requiring individualized academic, clinical, and behaviour-management solutions in small class sizes and professional home stay or boarding environments" —From the school
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Toronto, Ontario Lawrence/Don Mills "Brighton is the leading private school in Toronto for students with academic and/or social challenges. We offer curriculum-based and remedial Elementary programs; and credit, pre-credit and non-credit Secondary streams." —From the school
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Wellandport, Ontario "Robert Land Academy, established in 1978, is a private military-inspired boarding school (Gr 5-12) helping boys to experience validation, realize their potential and gain admission to post-secondary programs." —From the school
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Calgary, Alberta "Our Academy (in-person) and Studio (online) personalized programs are designed for students with a diagnosed learning disability to achieve their potential through outstanding support within and outside the classroom." —From the school
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Mississauga, Ontario Erin Mills Parkway/Turner Valley Road "A special needs education private school in Mississauga offering programs using the Developmental, Individual Differences, Relationship-Based (DIR®) Model. Theme-based DIR® March/Summer Camps are also available." —From the school
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Mississauga, Ontario Hurontario/Queensway "TEAM School offers programs from Grades 1 to 12 in Mississauga. Its average class size is 8 to 12 students." —From the school
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Toronto, Ontario St. Clair Ave West/Avenue Road "Founded on the science of neuroplasticity, Arrowsmith Program provides students with the skills necessary to overcome their learning disabilities and transform their academic, cognitive, emotional and social lives." —From the school
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Ottawa, Ontario Conroy Rd/Walkey Rd "Astolot Educational Centre is a day school with grades 1 to 12 in Ottawa, Ontario. Classroom teacher-student ratios are 1 to 10. Students have the ability to reach their full potential with Astolot programming." —From the school
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Mississauga, Ontario Dundas St. W/Erin Mills Pkwy "We offer a specialized program and teaching; focusing on the core subjects of language and math, incorporating cognitive activities and therapies for students with learning difficulties to help them learn and succeed." —From the school
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North York, Ontario Bathurst/Wilson "Magnificent Minds Inc. caters to students whose needs are not being met in traditional school environments, pursuing personal best through a balanced approach to education." —From the school
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Cambridge, Ontario Franklin Blvd/Myers Road "OAK BRIDGE ACADEMY is an alternative, not-for-profit school. Our highest priority is to provide financially accessible, highly specialized education to every child with learning exceptionalities." —From the school
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Toronto, Ontario Yonge St./Lawrence Ave. "The Dunblaine School empowers students with learning disabilities to reach their full potential. It offers programs for students from grade one to eight, with an average class size of 5-7 students." —From the school
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Ottawa, Ontario "Heritage Academy provides a multisensory learning environment and supports students with Dyslexia, ADD, ADHD, and Anxiety in Grades 1 -12." —From the school
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Calgary, Alberta 37 Street NW/Bowness Rd NW "Foothills Academy is an independent school for students with diagnosed Learning Disabilities in grades 3 - 12. Small class sizes allow the experienced staff to create a positive learning environment." —From the school
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Ottawa, Ontario Donald St/Frances St "Providence Academy is the only Private French Catholic School offering a trilingual program of study in Ontario with classes from nursery to grade eight. Tuition: $8,800-10,300. Extracurricular activities: $600-$650." —From the school
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Toronto, Ontario Breadalbane St/St Luke Ln "The YMCA Academy is an alternative school for students in grades 6 to 12 with learning disabilities and learning style differences, offering individualized Special Education support." —From the school
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Toronto, Ontario Yonge St/Davisville Ave "2E Learners, differentiated profiles AP, Reach Ahead classes, and enrichment Academic focus on inquiry and critical analysis Collaborative and feedback-rich environment Unique and robust clubs/extra curriculars" —From the school
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Toronto, Ontario "Some of the greatest inventors, authors, and entrepreneurs of our time had minds that differed from the average. Our unique methodology addresses the needs of learners with ADHD and Dyslexia." —From the school
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Ottawa, Ontario Carling Avenue/Broadview Avenue "Edelweiss Private Academy offers elementary education to students with ASD and other exceptionalities, maintaining small teacher to student ratios. We promote strong academic, physical and social-emotional development." —From the school
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Calgary, Alberta "Academy is strengths-based and remediation-focused. Collegiate is for those learning at or above grade-level. Blended+ is personalized for Grades 9-12 that empowers them to learn in-person, hybrid, and off-campus." —From the school
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South Wales, New York(USA) "The Gow School is a college-prep boarding and day school for students, grades 6-12, with dyslexia and similar language-based learning disabilities." —From the school
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Burlington, Ontario Guelph Line/New Street "Elevate Learning Centre is a micro-school focusing on identifying and meeting the needs of students with learning differences. We use evidence-based approaches like UFLI, Wilson, and O.G. to support our students." —From the school
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Richmond Hill, Ontario Leslie/16th Ave "Morningside/ABA based curriculum and individualized approach targets not only academic success but also emotional, social, vocational and life skills that are the core skills of life-long success of each student." —From the school
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North York, Ontario Avenue Road/Lawrence Avenue "Through our dynamic individual education plans, mentorship, and therapeutic counselling we ensure all students feel comfortable, respected and cared for, so they stay actively engaged in their educational journey." —From the school
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Montreal, Quebec Sherbrooke/Atwater "Students thrive in an inclusive, structured learning environment that provides academic accommodations for all learners. We help students become autonomous, resilient lifelong learners!" —From the school
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Special needs schools for boys
For boys with special needs, a specialized education environment is even more beneficial. (August 19, 2019)
Special Needs Day Schools
Private special needs day schools are a tremendous chance for your child to receive an excellent education (June 11, 2019)
Maritimes special needs schools
Find special needs schools in the Maritimes provinces listed below. (June 11, 2019)
Coed Special Needs Schools
An environment most like real work or post-secondary education will help prepare them for the future. (May 15, 2019)