The Montessori approach
How Montessori education changes from preschool to high school
Find a list of schoolsMontessori schools have a unique approach. They also have a progressive curriculum.
Montessori schools have a unique approach. They also have a progressive curriculum.
What's more, the Montessori approach is not only meant for preschool: daycare, nursery school, and kindergarten. It's curriculum is also suitable for elementary school. And it can work, sometimes very well, for middle and high school.
After all, Montessori education, at its core, is meant to accommodate the growing child. And the Montessori approach reflects this fact. Each level of school focuses on a core set of skills suited to each stage of development. These skills are listed below.
Toddler |
Primary |
Elementary |
Middle |
High |
Toilet training Walking Talking Social skills Independence Cognitive skills Cleaning up |
Reading Writing Math Language Independence Discipline Social skills Empathy |
Reading Writing Math Science Specialist subjects Self-direction Reasoning Social skills Responsibility |
Reading Math Science Specialist subjects Cultural literacy Note-taking Preparing for high school |
Math Science Specialist subjects Cultural literacy Test-taking Doing assignments Doing graded work Preparing for university Preparing for the work world |
Below, we describe the Montessori approach at each level. Keep in mind, though, schools vary in their approach. You should speak to schools directly to learn more about this. You can also read our Montessori choosing guide and guide to Montessori questions.
If you want to learn how the Montessori approach differs from some other alternative preschools, check out our comparison guides. We compare Montessori to Waldorf and Montessori to Reggio Emilia in separate articles (not to mention Waldorf to Reggio Emilia). We also compare these schools at all levels: Montessori to Waldorf, Montessori to Reggio Emilia, and Waldorf to Reggio Emilia.
Many Montessori schools have a toddler room. Some of these rooms have children from birth to age 3, and some from 18 months to 3 years.
Toddler programs, like many preschools, tend to be play-based. Toddlers often have their first contact with other children here. They start to develop social skills such as sharing, listening, and impulse control.
On the other hand, Montessori toddler programs are more learning-focused than mainstream preschool, nursery school, or daycare. Toddlers learn basic cognitive skills through concrete learning. They also start walking, talking, and developing independence.
Christina Sorbara is the mother of twins Romeo and Viviana (age 2.5), who are in the toddler program at Bannockburn Montessori school, in Toronto, Ontario. Her children’s independence and motor skills, she says, has grown by leaps and bounds.
“They really help kids learn to do things by themselves. One month into the program, Romeo and Viviana were putting on their own jackets. They put on their own shoes as well; this takes patience.”
Yet, she also values the focus on academics.
“It doesn’t feel like a daycare, where teachers are providing childcare. There’s a preschool curriculum, there’s a parent night. They talk to my children like real people.”
There’s less focus on cognitive skills at this level, though, than at higher levels. Most toddler programs don’t have long, uninterrupted work periods. Some time is allowed for focused learning, though.
There are many Montessori primary schools. These are sometimes called “Casa dei Bambini.” These schools start to prepare children for grade school.
Primary schools start to focus more on academics. The primary school curriculum involves a lot on concrete learning through practical life activities. Children use blocks, spindle boxes, coloured rods, sandpaper letters, pink towers, and other material. They also work on their speech and start reading, writing, and math. They refine these skills over the three years.
Teachers may give lessons to small groups of children at this level. They also help them with their work. Some primary schools have an uninterrupted work period, though it may be two hours instead of three. Children become more independent, self-directed, and responsible over the three years.
There are four main areas of the primary school curriculum: practical life, sensory exploration, language, and math. The classroom is divided up into these areas, with special materials for each.
Many primary schools also educate children in the creative arts, music, science, geography, and culture. Some have specialist classes and teachers for some of these subjects. Often, globes, maps, songs, and pictures of different cultures are provided to enhance learning.
To learn more about the Montessori preschool teaching approach, read our guide to Montessori preschools and comparison of Montessori to other preschools. You can also check out our guide to kindergarten and list of preschools.
Many Montessori schools offer elementary classes. The elementary program is often divided into two classes: one with students ages 6 to 9, and another with students ages 9 to 12. Since its curriculum covers all 6 of these years, sometimes these two classes are combined into one.
At this level, focus continues on concrete learning and promoting independence, discipline, and social skills. Most elementary classes have a three-hour uninterrupted work period. At the 6-9 level, though, it may be less than three hours.
There’s also more focus on academics at this level, especially language, reading, math, and science. Students start to move from the concrete to the abstract (and back to the concrete). They also build their reasoning and problem-solving skills through different tasks and projects. Many students find this both challenging and stimulating.
In an elementary class at Bannockburn School, this was abundantly clear. Several students seemed very focused on their tasks. One student worked intently on his math sheets, while another strived to solve what looked to be a manipulative puzzle. None of the students in class seemed fazed by the presence of a visitor.
Elementary schools offer more direct instruction and sit-down learning than preschools. Especially at the higher level, teachers sometimes give longer lessons to groups of students or the whole class. These are known as the great lessons.
The great lessons tend to be given near the start of the school term, and provide the basis for learning throughout the year. They are often on important moments in history such as the beginning of the world, the origin of life, or the story of numbers. They tend to be very engaging and interactive.
Elementary school students often work in small groups on different projects. These projects can be in geography, biology, history, language, science, music, art, and other subjects. Interdisciplinary work is also done, alone or in groups.
Sometimes project work is supplemented with field trips to the library, planetarium, botanical gardens, science centre, factory, hospital, and other places of interest. This allows students to feel connected with people and places, and inspires them to make contributions to the world.
Some elementary schools allot time for reading, creating writing exercises, and art projects. And some use computers, whiteboards, and tablets to enhance learning. Use is confined, though, to research tasks.
To learn more, check out our guide to Montessori elementary schools.
Montessori middle schools only began to emerge in Canada quite recently. They’re sometimes called “secondary schools” or “early secondary schools.” There are over 30 Montessori middle schools in Canada, most of which are in Ontario.
In middle school, focus continues on independence, self-directed learning, and cognitive skills. There’s also a lot of group work done at this level. Some middle schools, like elementary schools, also have field trips, after school programs, clubs, and sports teams. Some also use computers, tablets, and whiteboards to enhance learning.
There tends to be more lectures at this level, given to large groups of students or the whole class. In middle school, teachers also start to prepare students for high school, where they may not be in a Montessori school. Students may be given workbooks and worksheets and start to practice note-taking. They may also be given short assignments and tests, though they likely won’t be graded on these.
Pat Gere is the director of The Element, in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada’s first Montessori secondary school. As she sees it, middle schools should be a kind of hybrid.
“Montessori middle schools should be the perfect blend of Montessori educational practices (including self-directed, project-based, and integrated learning) and mainstream middle school education (including note-taking, assignments, tests, and preparation for being graded).”
And The Element seems to offer the ideal learning environment to achieve this goal.
“The school has large rooms somewhat like a cross between a university library and a coffee shop,” says Gere. Lessons are “short and to the point, setting the stage for independent learning and giving direction, or for responding to the work that has been done through seminar and discussion.”
That said, some middle schools have a different approach. For instance, Dundas Valley Montessori school, in Dundas, Ontario, runs an Erdkinder or Earth school for students in grade 7 to 9. In this program, students live close to nature, on a five-acre plot of land.
Students take science, history, math, geography, and other subjects. But they learn the material through real life experiences in nature, the environment, and in the town. They also raise service dogs, make their own food, and do practical work such as building bikes. This can be a great way to learn for many, including students with special needs.
To be sure, there’s no right or wrong way to educate adolescents. As a parent, though, you’ll want to look at Montessori schools closely, to make sure you find the right fit for your growing child.
To learn more, check out our guide to Montessori middle schools.
Montessori high schools, like middle schools, only emerged in Canada in recent years. To this day, there are very few of them.
In high school, there’s still a lot of focus on independence, self-directed learning, and group work. There’s more focus on academics at this level, though. There also tends to be more direct instruction. Like middle school, students may have access to computers and tablets. They may also take part in blogs and other interesting online activities.
There’s also more textbook learning at this level. Often, though, each student has their own textbook(s), instead of there being one textbook for the entire class. And, students still have quite a bit of leeway to choose their work, and whether to work alone or in groups.
In high school, students start to complete assignments and write tests. They also start receiving grades.
Since they must prepare students for university or college, high schools give credits and grades for courses. They also have required courses in English, math, science, and other subjects. Like mainstream high schools, for students to graduate with a diploma, their curriculum must be sanctioned by the Ministry of Education in Ontario, Quebec, or some other province in Canada.
On the other hand, Montessori high schools have less whole-class lectures, sit-down learning, and homework (in fact, many schools don’t assign homework) than mainstream high schools. They also tend to assign few, if any, rote tasks. Like middle schools, then, they offer a blend of standard Montessori schooling and more mainstream schooling.
To learn more, read our guide to Montessori high schools.
The progressive Kindergarten program at Hudson College [Read more]
Meet with admissions. Attend info sessions. Find the best-fit school. [Get my ticket]
Toronto, Ontario — Bond Academy is a private, co-educational, non-denominational independent school with students from Montessori Casa to Grade 12. Our educational process is Beyond the Books! Education as it should be. View School Profile.
Grades:
PS to 12 (Coed)
Type:
Liberal Arts
Tuition:
$7,000 to $16,000
Living:
Day
Enrollment:
350
Avg. Class:
10 to 15
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Toronto, Ontario — The Clover School's innovative curriculum combines Montessori essentials with heart-centred learning practices designed to nurture the mind, heart, health, and soul of each child. View School Profile.
Grades:
NS to 8 (Coed)
Type:
Montessori
Tuition:
$15,100 to $24,200
Living:
Day
Enrollment:
400
Avg. Class:
10 to 30
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The Element nurtures focused, engaged and internally motivated students who strive to do their best. The Element High School provides conditions that will put youth ‘in their element,’ in school and beyond.
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We identify the experiences that facilitate education that empowers the individual and fosters a community of collaborative contributors through interdisciplinary, integrated integrated projects.
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TMS is a leading, accredited independent school that offers a unique design of Montessori and International Baccalaureate programmes. Our students thrive in academics while building a foundation of Significance for life.
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Established in 1901, Hillfield Strathallan College is one of Canada’s leading co-educational independent schools, offering academic programs from Montessori Toddler and Pre-K to Grade 12, in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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Established in 1974, Somerset Academy is an independent, not-for-profit private school that provides education to students in JK Grades 8. Somerset Academy has an average class size of 13 to 18 students.
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TRMS uniquely provides enriched French as a second language (FSL) instruction for all levels from Preschool to Elementary.
We give students a head start in their educational journey by insuring they "Love to Learn"!
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Authentic, CCMA accredited Montessori Schools located in downtown Toronto, offering programs for Toddlers, Casa, Elementary and Adolescent children in beautiful settings with large and expansive natural playgrounds.
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Northstar Montessori offers an accredited Montessori curriculum from Toddler age to Grade 8. Our goal is to develop strong character and contributing citizens who understand that their involvement makes a difference.
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CMS provides a quality Montessori education for Casa and Elementary students. Set on beautiful campuses children are inspired to learn their role in protecting the global environment and fostering peace and harmony.
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Clanmore is one of the few schools offering authentic Montessori programming from Toddler - Middle School. Our culture is warm and inviting and our philosophy empowers us to support each child as a unique individual.
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Schoolhouse Montessori provides a nurturing environment to support children in academics and self-discovery. Committed to provide high quality, inclusive early learning programs in Mississauga.
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Century Private School in Richmond Hill runs from preschool to grade twelve, with small class ratio to ensure best learning for our students.
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Founded in 1990, Yip's Montessori Program cater to children from 1.5 to 6 years old. Yip's campuses are located in Markham and Unionville.
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OMS Montessori is a non for profit, independent school offering separate French and English programs within a world class Montessori environment.
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Enquiring Minds Montessori is a one-of-a-kind Montessori Art School. We have created a unique learning experience that fosters academic and artistic excellence in a nurturing environment while challenging young minds.
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Peel Montessori School and our Carrington College division students are encouraged to be engaged, inquisitive learners who think for themselves, display character strength, and learn to succeed on their own merits.
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Blaisdale Montessori School is the premier Montessori school in the Durham area. Offering an outstanding learning environment. Choose from one of 7 campuses in Pickering, Ajax, Oshawa and Bowmanville.
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UMS offers year-ahead advanced programs from pre-school to grade nine. We blend high standards for academic success with the social and emotional development of the individual child.
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CHMS offers authentic supportive, vibrant, child centered AMI Montessori that is perfect for curious, inquisitive students looking to thrive in a social, hands on, collaborative, challenging environment.
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Our goal at AGMS is to inspire, educate and empower the next generation of global citizens. We provide a pristine, child-centered and supportive learning environment for each child to reach their full potential.
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Trinity Montessori School offers programs from toddler to grade six in Markham, Ontario. Its average class size is nine students.
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The main objective of FMA is to provide your child with a planned and stimulating environment in order for them to be able to reach their own individual and highest learning potential while honouring the whole child.
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Western Heights offers an enriched Montessori program that fosters a love of learning. The school actively engages its close-knit parent community to offer an enriched curriculum that adapts to each student's needs.
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At G.B.MS, D.E.P.S and Durham Academy Secondary school focus is on each individual student and helping them meet their unique potential and goals. We believe in excellent customer service and families have a voice. Throughout the year we enhance our programs through program enhancement and enrichment.
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ABA based curriculum and individualized approach targets not only academic success but also emotional, social, vocational and life skills that are the core skills of life-long success of each student.
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Offering Montessori programs from Toddler to Grade 8, Dearcroft is accredited by CCMA and staffed by dedicated teachers.
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Alder Ridge offers 21st century education. Our innovative learning initiatives are founded in the Montessori Philosophy. We offer a student led, self paced learning environment that holistically supports all areas.
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ATI is a school for ambitious teens who want to develop into independent, curious, self-motivated individuals who thrive in school and in life. Gain the skills, knowledge and agency to build the future that you want.
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Since 2002, J. Addison has provided a stimulating education for students. Located at the corner of Woodbine and Valleywood Drive in Markham, ON, Canada, you will find our state-of-the-art 58,000 sq. ft. facility.
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Esprit Academy is a community and environment that cultivates independence and lifelong learning through individualized experiences that integrates and connects knowledge and skills.
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La Villa Montessori is an AMI recognized School that adheres to Dr. Montessori's principles. We provide a nurturing environment that fulfills the child's emotional, social, physical and intellectual needs.
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For more than 40 years, Kanata Montessori has been graduating students with self-confidence, critical thinking skills, respect, high academic achievement, and an international perspective.
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Richmond Hill Montessori Private School offers programs from pre-school to grade eight. Its average class size is 20 students.
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Montessori Learning Centre of Pickering is a non denominational, inclusive school that offers programs from Pre-school to Grade eight. We acknowledge and celebrate religious and cultural events as part of our cultural program.
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The Hatch House Montessori School is a very child centered school where each student is respected for their uniqueness and is guided through learning accordingly. Ask about our unique, fully bilingual elementary program.
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Our objective is to guide children with respect and understanding, developing in them a love of learning. Our aim is to create a nurturing environment full of intellectual, social and moral learning and development.
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Prince Edward Montessori School offers programs for various grades in Toronto. Its average class size is ten to 16 students.
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Authentic Montessori Preschool. Students completing our 3 year program at The Maria Montessori School test extremely well. We balance academics, exploration and skills guided by your child's natural interests.
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Kaban Montessori School is a CCMA accredited school in the west of Mississauga area . We ensure that our environments foster each child's interests and abilities while supporting them to achieve their full potential.
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Humberside Montessori School is internationally recognized and accredited by Association Montessori Internationale (AMI). Our AMI certified teachers provide an authentic Montessori experience for our students.
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École Montessori is Durham Region's premier French private school dedicated to transforming your child into a BILINGUAL critical thinker with our enriched curriculum that fosters the genius within each student.
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Braemar House School is a not-for-profit elementary school that proves each day that children thrive in a nurturing environment.
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Toronto French Montessori offers French and English programs from pre-school to grade 8 in York Region. Its average class size is 15 students.
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NOW WITH LICENSED DAYCARE! Bring your child for a free trial to let him or her experience the difference. Don't be surprised if he or she doesn't want to go home at the end of the day!
SUMMER CAMP PROGRAMS AVAILABLE!
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Trillium School is a private school that offers programs from pre-school to grade twelve in Markham with Montessori-based kindergarten.
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MJDS inspires a lifetime love for learning in a nurturing environment that fosters respect for oneself, the community and the world, guided by the shared values of Judaism and Montessori education.
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Guiding Light Academy is a Catholic private elementary school in Streetsville, Mississauga. We offer an enriched curriculum for JK, SK and Grades 1 to 8. We are located just minutes away from the Streetsville Go Station.
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Aurora Montessori offers an enriched Montessori program for students, Toddler to Grade 8, with an option of an OSSD credit in Grade 9 Math. A unique Mindfulness and Technology program develops key 21st-century skills!
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Rotherglen School - OAKVILLE offers programs for students age 4 to grade eight. The average class size is 18 students.
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Ashwood Glen offers a Montessori program for children aged 18months - 6 yrs. The Grades 1 - 8 Learning Program applies the IB framework to extend the learning outcomes of the Ontario curriculum.
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Bishop Hamilton Montessori School, a not-for-profit independent school in Ottawa, provides an authentic Christian Montessori approach for children 3 months to 14 years.
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Meadow Green Academy provides a strong Christian education in a nurturing environment. Strong academics combined with sports, enriched music, visual arts, and dramatic arts programs provide a well-rounded experience
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Kawartha Montessori School is the only CCMA-accredited school in the region. We offer an education that inspires academic excellence and develops socially responsible, independent, and confident individuals.
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Situated on seven acres of rolling parkland and gardens, Country Garden Montessori Academy in Newmarket is a co-ed private day school for students in grades PS-12. The school provides a family atmosphere and is committed the intellectual growth and emotional well-being of students.
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Our curriculum are designed to build essential skills and concepts that help with the cognitive, social, creative, emotional, and physical development of your child with the aim to be a successful learner for life!
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Shepherd Montessori Private Catholic School in Mississauga offers Casa Montessori programs for children a ged 2.5 to 6. Before- and after-school care and summer camps also available.
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ABC Montessori is one of Mississauga's premier private schools. We offers both Montessori and traditional school programs from preschool to Grade 5 with an emphasis on developing literacy, numeracy, sciences, and arts.
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Bannockburn School leads in Montessori education by offering an exceptional, enriched Montessori curriculum in a nurturing environment carefully prepared to meet the needs of children in the formative years of childhood.
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Cornerstone students love to shape the future. They INSPIRE learning, DISCOVER their potential, EMPOWER themselves to be innovative citizens. Our boundless learning strategies open doors for successful learning.
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Royal Cachet has authentic Montessori programs from infants to grade 3 in our healthy & safe environments. We focus on the Language & Math areas of the Montessori Curriculum & encourage our students to grow and succeed.
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Maria Montessori School is one of the longest established AMI accredited Montessori school's in Canada. We offer accredited programs for children 18 months to 12 years and hire only AMI certified teaching staff.
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Rotherglen School - MISSISSAUGA is a montessori school that offers programs from JK to grade eight. The average class size is 18 students.
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With faculty that truly cares for your child’s wellbeing, we provide a rare tight-knit community that feels like home. With a warm and welcoming culture, students are inspired to confidently make their mark in the world.
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Located in Brantford, Ontario, Montessori House of Children (MHC) provides excellent programs for grades Nursery to 3 and helps young children reach their learning potential with both independent and self-directed learning. MHC also offers support for students with learning differences.
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We provide students with opportunities to explore real-world concepts and issues, broadening their sense of responsibility, develop their critical thinking skills, and empower them to take action in a global community.
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Located in Markham, Ontario, Town Centre Private Schools is an International Baccalaureate® World School and offers a Montessori Pre-School program as well as an IB Elementary School and optional IB Diploma Programme.
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Guidepost is a new Montessori school coming to Toronto, serving children from 10 weeks to 12 years old. We offer year-round programming and rolling admissions into our programs to meet the needs of every family.
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Coed Montessori Schools
Find the top coed Montessori schools in Canada (June 26, 2019)
Montessori magic
Montessori schools are unique (May 29, 2019)
Benefits of Montessori education
Research shows that Montessori schools have many advantages (May 29, 2019)
Maria Montessori: a child-centred approach to education
The history of Montessori's student-driven model of learning (May 29, 2019)
